Phonetic Foundation Consonants Common clusters: zh, kh, sh, th, ry, ly, ny, vy, kr, br, dr, tr, vr, sr Initial consonants: K, Z, L, Th, V, A, S, R, M, F, Kh, Zh, Sh, N, T, X, Y Hard sounds: k, t, th, r emphasize resilience Soft sounds: sh, zh, v, l suggest adaptability Vowels Primary: a, e, i, o Y as vowel: Common in endings and middle syllables Diphthongs: ae, ai, ey, ay, or Syllable Structure Length: 2-4 syllables Patterns: CV (consonant-vowel), CVC, CVCC Stress: Usually on first or second syllable